MY FIRST WEEKS IN BELIZE, I was told that you’re a true Belizean only if you speak Kriol. And it’s true – in three months I found that most Belizeans speak and understand Kriol. Even though English is the official language, Kriol is the default tongue when people speak to each other, and it’s the one element that unites all of Belize’s different ethnic groups.
One guide went even further and joked, “If it’s business, it’s English. But if I’m not getting paid, then it’s Kriol.”
Belize, unlike its Central American neighbors, is a former British colony. It gained independence from Britain only in 1981. The Kriol language originated from the Kriol people in Belize – who are a mix of the British colonial masters and the enslaved Africans who were captured from present-day Nigeria and brought to Belize to work in mahogany camps.
During colonial days the Baymen – or British buccaneers who settled along the Bay of Honduras (present-day Belize) in the 17th century – brought and used Africans to cut mahogany trees into logs which were then shipped off to Europe. Because of the enslaved Africans’ proximity to their British masters while working in the mahogany camps, they began speaking their own version of English – a mix of what they heard from the Baymen and of their own African dialect. This was the beginning of the Kriol language.
In those mahogany camps were also female slaves, who prepared food and took care of the workers. The Baymen, who were far away from their British wives, took the African females as their “local” mistresses. The result of this mix created the Kriol (or “Creole” in English) population.
Over the years, Belizean Kriol grew into more than just a “broken” tongue, and reached the level of a national language in terms of being widely spoken.
Efforts were then made to ensure that Kriol was properly studied, written, and recorded as a language, thanks in great part to the National Kriol Council. The council was created in 1995 as a nonprofit, to promote all aspects of the Kriol culture – from history to music and language. The council was intent on teaching the younger generation how to write Kriol, and started running a language program that produces literature in Kriol for students. The ultimate goal: to instill a sense of identity and cultural pride in all Kriols. A fully developed and documented language was recognized as being a major part of that.
It wasn’t hard for me to understand Kriol because of the time I’ve spent living in Jamaica, and its similarities to Jamaican patois. I would often get mistaken for Belizean because I managed to follow the conversations.
But it hasn’t always been easy to speak it! The pronunciation is faster, the words less articulated, and the accent distinct. There are also more articles used in one sentence than in patois. The few times I tried my luck at Kriol I was understood, and yet asked if I was Jamaican.
Still, speaking Kriol in Belize is a great way to connect with the locals.
Here are a few basic phrases, and some of my favorite Kriol sayings:
Hello/What’s up? — Weh gaan ahn? or Weh di go ahn?
What time is it? — Da weh time?
My name is Lily — Mi naym da Lily
See you later — Si yoo lata
I’m tired — Ah tayad/mi tayad
Where is — Weh/weh-paat
Everything’s fine — Evryting gud/aarite
Get the hell out of here! — Haul your rass!
Really? Is that right? — Fu Chroo?
Good evening — Gud night
I love Belize — Mi love Bileez
Wahnti wahnti kyah geti an geti geti nuh wahnti — You always want what you can’t have
Dah no so, dah naily so — Where there’s smoke, there’s fire
Wait bruk down bridge — Don’t make me wait too long
One day belly full neva fatten maaga dawg — One meal won’t change someone’s life / Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime
Sleep wit’ yo’ own eye — Only rely on what you know, not what others tell you
One one craboo fill barrel — Every little bit counts [craboo is a Belizean fruit]
~
Special thanks to my wonderful Belizean friends, Marilyn Cutkelvin and Alex Evans, who had the patience to teach me some Kriol during my time in Belize.
You can learn more about the Kriol language from the National Kriol Council. 